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Ultimate Test
Bench for LTE EPCs
LTE is the last step
towards 4G service, and it will make a huge impact in our ubiquitous
communication life. There are a number of advanced technologies introduced
in LTE network, and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is one of such
technologies. SAE is designed based on IP technology, and it has the
simplified architecture with vision of all-IP network. In order to achieve
the LTE's original goals, i.e., higher throughput, lower latency and
lower cost per bit, the performance of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is
extremely important along with those of E-UTRAN eNBs. EPC also provides
simplified mobility between legacy mobile communication technology GSM/GPRG
and UMTS. Even though EPCs do not comprise a big share of CAPEX and OPEX
as to eNB in the wireless infrastructure, but it makes a great impact on
overall network profitability. Service providers must take consideration
into the performance of EPCs.
Figure 1: Roadmap to 4G

Figure
2: SAE Architecture

The LTE EPC defines
series of network functions as follows.
MME (Mobility
Management Entity):
The MME is an
important controller node in the LTE network. It is responsible for:
- Idle mode UE (User Equipment) tracking
- Paging procedure such as
re-transmissions
- Bearer activation and deactivation
process
- S-GW selection for a UE at the initial
attach
- Intra-LTE handover with Core Network
node relocation
- User authentication with HSS
When the signaling
of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) terminates at the MME, it generates and
allocates temporary identities to UEs. Then, it authorizes the UE for the
Public Land Mobile Network. It is also responsible for the enforcement of
UE roaming restrictions. The MME handles the ciphering/integrity
protection for NAS signaling and the security key management. It supports
lawful interception of signaling, and the control plane function for
mobility between LTE and legacy networks with the S3 interface. The S6a
interface connects to the HSS for roaming UEs.
S-GW (Serving
Gateway):
The main
functionality of Serving Gateway is routing and forwarding of user data
packets. It is also responsible for inter-eNB handovers in the U-plane and
provides mobility between LTE and other types of networks, such as between
2G/3G and P-GW. The DL data from the UEs in idle state is terminated at S-GW,
and arrival of DL data triggers paging for the UE. S-GW keeps the context
information such as parameters of the IP bearer and routing information,
and stores back the UE contexts when paging happens. S-GW is also
responsible for replicating user traffic for lawful interception.
P-GW (PDN
Gateway):
PDN Gateway is the
connecting node between the UEs and external networks. It is the entry
point of data traffic for the UEs. In order to access multiple PDNs, UE
can connect to several P-GWs at the same time. The functionalities of P-GW
include:
- Policy enforcement
- Packet filtering
- Charging support
- Lawful interception
- Packet screening
Another important
role of P-GW is to provide mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP network. For
example, mobility between WiMAX and 3GPP2 or between CMDA 1X and EVDO are
supported by P-GW.
Figure
3: LTE Network

Figure
4: Bearer Services in LTE/SAE Network

Artiza LTE EPC Load
Tester is the complete test suite for LTE EPC developers, specialized in
load testing. It covers from simple functional protocol testing to
comprehensive load testing in C-plane and U-plane, and it is the turnkey
solution for EPC performance evaluation. With the capability for versatile
load testing in C-plane along with the QoS (Quality of Service) testing up
to 2 millions of bearers on 10 GbE interface, Artiza LTE EPC Load Tester
brings you the ultimate testing environment with the toughest load
condition to EPCs.
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